Ankle dorsiflexion allows the shin to move forward over the foot and is necessary for walking, running, and squatting. Limited dorsiflexion can lead to compensations and injury.

Supination helps form a stable arch during push-off and supports efficient force transfer. Limited supination can affect balance and propulsion.

Rearfoot mobility improves balance, shock absorption, and overall foot function during walking and running.

Forefoot and midfoot mobility supports balance, shock absorption, and efficient movement. Improving motion in these regions helps distribute forces more evenly through the foot.

Pronation is the foot’s natural inward rolling motion that helps absorb shock and adapt to the ground. Restricted pronation can limit mobility and reduce balance.

Big toe extension is essential for proper walking and running mechanics. During push-off, the big toe must extend adequately to allow efficient force transfer through the foot. Limited motion can lead to compensations elsewhere in the lower body.